Coaches Resources

USA Hockey Cross Ice

The USA Hockey Cross-Ice program is based on a model of practicing and playing hockey across the ice surface as compared to practicing and playing lengthwise along the full length of the ice surface. This cross-ice practicing and playing model has been used in many of the leading hockey nations in the world for a number of years and has stood the test of time. It has been shown that children who begin their hockey training in this environment have an outstanding hockey experience.

Parents may ask the question why should my child play cross-ice, what will this bring? I want my child playing like the professionals do, full-ice, because I want my child to experience "real hockey."

To help address these questions, let's think about a child trying to skate with a puck while performing a drill from one end of the rink to the other, how long will this take? How much energy will this require? Will the player's decision-making skills be enhanced more in the close action of the smaller cross-ice surface or in the wide-open area of the full-ice surface? In which situation will the child be more involved in the action?

A study of hockey games played on the full-ice surface by George Kingston in 1976 found the following:
In a sixty-minute running time hockey game between 6-8 year old children, the average player had possession of the puck for 20.7 seconds. Top National Hockey League and international professional players were also timed and no player exceeded 85 seconds of puck possession time. In a sixty-minute children's game the actual playing time of the game was 20 minutes and 38 seconds. Taking this into consideration, the individual player is only on the ice every third or fourth shift depending on how many players are on the team, resulting in even less ice time. An average of less than 0.5 shots per game for youth players and only 1.5 shots per game for junior and professional players.

The study concluded that:

For young players in the "full-ice game model" of development, the youngest players would require 180 games and the older youth players would require 80 games to enjoy 60 minutes of actual puck possession time to execute their stick handling, passing, pass receiving and shooting skills.
Professional and international players would require 60 games to ensure 60 minutes of puck control skill development.

Many players never touched the puck in the game, especially in youth hockey.

USA Hockey firmly believes that by giving children the opportunity to participate in the Cross-Ice hockey program, which supports cross-ice practicing and playing, that their enjoyment of hockey as well as their hockey skills will be greatly enhanced.

Cross-Ice Program

To help you further understand the benefits of the cross-ice practicing and playing model, some of the advantages are listed below.

PRACTICING

The children have more energy with which they can improve their skills when they are skating 85 feet across the ice surface as opposed to the 200 feet length of the ice surface.
Group sizes become smaller which means learning and teaching will become more effective.
The close feeling of belonging to a team will motivate a child to participate with even greater enthusiasm.
Drills designed according to the varying skill level of players within the group are easier to organize.
More puck contact, resulting in improved puck control skills.
More repetition/frequency in drills in one ice session.
Decision-making skills are enhanced, as more decisions must be made more frequently at a higher tempo.

ACTUAL GAME

Playing on a smaller rink results in increased puck possession time for each player.
Individual technical skills develop more quickly.
More frequent line changes in the game means more ice time for each player.
Line changes are made quickly since the players are directly beside the playing surface.
Each player's activity increases greatly.
Scoring skills are enhanced since the players have more shooting opportunities.
The goalkeeper's reading of the game and reaction to changing game situations become more effective.
More repetition for goalkeepers.
The game is full of continuously changing situations.
The speed in playing situations increase, which will require quicker mental and physical reactions by the players.
Due to increased tempo, all of the team members take part in solving the playing situations, which leads to a sharing of responsibilities between players.
The feeling of being an important part of the action increases because of the small size of the rink.
Hockey sense, or understanding the principles of the game, is being developed at a young age.
There are no unnecessary breaks in the game (i.e. off-sides, icing).

GENERAL ORGANIZATION

More efficient use of ice time and space.
The size of the rink is in proportion with the size of the players.
USA Hockey recommends that teams play with two or three units of four or five players and one goalkeeper, which results in each player having more ice time.
More ice time for practicing and playing is made available to more teams within a single association.
Many teams can practice together by sharing the ice surface.

GENERAL SPIRIT OF PARTICIPATION AND FUN

More children get a chance to play ice hockey.
More children will experience a feeling of success when playing hockey.
The same exciting and fun environment as in a "real" game is created.
More and less gifted children will benefit from close/tight action on the ice.
Children are excited and motivated to continue playing hockey.

Hockey will be more appealing and rewarding to a wider range of children and their parents.

10 Commandments of Coaching a Goalie

Ten Commandments of Coaching the Goaltender

THE GOALIE COACH TEN COMMANDMENTS

I. READ www.hockeycoach.com's THE GOALIE TEN COMMANDMENTS

II. ENCOURAGE THE GOALIE TO EXPAND THEIR COMFORT ZONE

The goalie's job is no longer to just save pucks from going into the net. They must be offensive players as

well; stick handling, passing, shooting, playing the puck. Goals will be scored against them when they

attempt these new moves during the game. It is your job as the coach to encourage them and boost their

moral when a goal is scored against them expanding their comfort zone. The future pluses far out weight

the negatives. So get your goalies active in game play.

III. A COACH and TEAM VALUES THE GOALIE AS GOLD

A team who will “dive” for the goalie is a winning team. The coach and team should never, not even once,

say a bad word to, or about, a goalie. Of course, the goalie should never be reprimand or insulted by his

fellow teammates. Only positive words to a goalie. When a goal is scored against, it is the team’s fault -

collectively; Why did the shot even get off? After a goal is scored, only positive remarks to the goalie are

allowed like “we’ll get it back”, “I should’ve got that player”, “we let you down”. Even if the goalie is

marginal, you should stick by the rule. This positive reinforcement will make your goalie better and make

the players perform as one cohesive team. You, as the coach, must set the example and strictly administer

this policy.

IV. DEDICATED COACH FOR BOTH PRACTICES AND GAMES

The goalie needs a mentor, consoler, motivator, and guide. The goalie, during practices, needs a coach to

just watch them as they perform all of their exercises. During games, they require a coach who will watch

over their game play, as well as someone to go to for guidance. A dedicated coach fills this position.

V. HARD SHOTS ON GOALIES

Coaches, please do not take shots on goalies that are harder than the players at their level can. It doesn’t

make them tougher or better, just black and blue or broken. Even worse, it may bring tears to their eyes in

front of their teammates.

VI. THEMED GAMES/READ AND REACT DRILLS

Goalies, like other players, get bored doing drill after drill. In addition, drills, don't put them

in actual game situations. Use themed games/read and react drills to make learning fun,

more intuitive and to practice game situations.

VII. SKATING DRILLS

Goalies are competitive by nature. Many of them hate being last in the team skating drills. While the team

is performing skating drills, take the goalie aside and let them do skating drills which develop the goalie

position. The www.hockeycoach.com goalie drill section has many drills of this type. In addition, design

your own. You will find your goalie will give more effort during THEIR skating drills and have more fun doing

them.

VIII. WHITE PUCKS AND SMALL PUCKS

Use white pucks and small pucks for practice shots and practice games on the goalie. If they

can stop those they can stop anything. Small pucks can be ordered from specialty stores.

White pucks can be made by painting them with paint designed to fix bath tubs which can be

purchased in your local hardware store.